In the development of personal computers and local area network early, in order to achieve network capacity personal computer, Microsoft and IBM co-developed a protocol NetBIOS, which is a call interface for network communications, IBM developers as they consider this agreement BIOS designed as a basic computer network access interface, the use of the NetBIOS name. The NetBIOS interface development on the use of Microsoft Web servers and corresponding client software.
And IBM Token Ring and Ethernet on the direct implementation of the NetBIOS driver realized the NetBIOS and the physical network layer in between the specific interface, these programs follow the standards known as NetBEUI. NetBEUI direct control of the Token Ring and Ethernet drivers, so it can only run in the local area network. However, the lower NetBIOS itself did not limit the use of the protocol, so it only can run under the NetBEUI support, but also can run in the other protocol support. Other web developers in some other basis of the agreement also achieved NetBIOS interface, such as TCP / IP, IPX and Decnet so. Including the use of NetBIOS over IP TCP / IP protocol, thus the lower the compatibility with the Unix computer, a Unix and PC systems based on communication.
Windows family of computers does not necessarily use IP as its network transport protocol, it can also make use of IPX or NetBEUI protocol, but FreeBSD does not support IPX or NetBEUI on NetBIOS, must configure IP protocol for the Windows clients can share with each other FreeBSD resources.
NetBIOS name resolution
As a matter of fact is a NetBIOS and TCP / IP standards developed independently, although it can use TCP / IP as the transport protocol, but due to the different concept, it does not use TCP / IP to provide the full capacity, but to use their own way to accomplish similar work. The biggest difference is the way name resolution, NetBIOS name resolution with its own independent concepts and capabilities, so it uses the name resolution mode on and the TCP / IP in the standard analytical methods 鈹?鈹?DNS different. In the NetBIOS name resolution must be received one named after the corresponding IP address, NetBIOS sessions can be established on the basis of normal TCP connection was. Therefore, NetBIOS, the NetBIOS name resolution is a conversation with ordinary TCP connection biggest difference.
NetBIOS name resolution and DNS name resolution of NetBIOS is the biggest difference is that dynamic, the computer must first register their names before they can resolve to the name. Although dynamic analysis brought great convenience, but more complex and inefficient, so only for small-scale local area network.
Each NetBIOS name can be up to 16 characters, 16 characters Enter the name used to identify the type of procedure used. When the NetBIOS computer to communicate, it must be based on NetBIOS names, not based on IP address.涓?釜NetBIOS鏈嶅姟绋嬪簭蹇呴』棣栧厛娉ㄥ唽鑷繁鐨凬etBIOS鍚嶅瓧锛岃?涓?釜搴旂敤绋嬪簭鍒欓渶瑕佹煡璇㈡墍闇?鐨凬etBIOS鍚嶅瓧銆備緥濡傛瘡鍙癢indows璁＄畻鏈哄湪鍚姩涔嬪悗鍒濆鍖栫綉缁滄椂灏变娇鐢ㄦ墍閰嶇疆鐨勮绠楁満鍚嶅瓧鏉ュ垵濮嬪寲鍏朵娇鐢ㄧ殑NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧銆?br />
NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧瑙ｆ瀽鏂瑰紡
銆??浠嶯etBIOS鍚嶅瓧鏌ユ壘鐩稿簲鐨勮妭鐐瑰湴鍧?紙TCP/IP鍗忚涓负IP鍦板潃锛夋湁鍑犵涓嶅悓鐨勬煡鎵炬柟寮忋?
鏈湴骞挎挱锛?鍦ㄦ湰鍦扮綉缁滀笂鍙戦?骞挎挱锛岄?杩囧箍鎾煇璁惧鐨凬etBIOS鍚嶅瓧锛屾煡鎵惧叾瀵瑰簲鐨処P鍦板潃銆傚箍鎾柟寮忎篃鑳界敤浜庢敞鍐岃嚜宸辩殑NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧锛屼緥濡備竴鍙拌绠楁満鍙互閫氳繃骞挎挱鏈満鐨勫悕瀛楋紝鍚戝叾浠栬绠楁満瀹ｅ憡鑷繁浣跨敤浜嗚繖涓狽etBIOS鍚嶅瓧銆?br />
缂撳啿锛?姣忎釜鏀寔NetBIOS鐨勮绠楁満涓紝缁存姢涓?釜NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧鍜岀浉搴擨P鍦板潃鐨勫垪琛紝杩欎簺瀵瑰簲鐨勫悕瀛楅兘鏈変竴瀹氱殑鐢熷瓨鏈燂紝浠ヤ究鑳藉強鏃舵洿鏂般?
NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣細浣跨敤涓?釜鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ潵鎻愪緵鍚嶅瓧涓嶪P涔嬮棿鐨勮В鏋愪换鍔★紝杩欎釜NetBIOS 鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ绉颁负NBNS锛圢etBIOS Name Server锛夛紝Miscrosoft瀹炵幇鐨凬BNS鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ负WINS锛圵indows Internet Name Service锛夈?NetBIOS璁＄畻鏈洪鍏堣鍚慛BN S鐧昏鑷繁鐨凬etBIOS鍚嶅瓧锛屽畬鎴愬悕瀛楃殑娉ㄥ唽杩囩▼銆?br />
棰勫畾涔夋枃浠秎mhosts锛歁icrosoft Windows鑳介?杩囨煡鎵惧瓨鏀惧湪鏈湴鏂囦欢lmhos ts涓殑鏁版嵁锛屾潵璇嗗埆缃戠粶涓奛etBIOS鍚嶅瓧鍜孖P鐨勫叧绯伙紝杩欎釜鏂瑰紡涓嶆槸NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧璇嗗埆鐨勬爣鍑嗭紝浣嗗畠鏄疢icrosoft 鐨勫疄鐜版柟寮忥紝鍥犳鏄竴绉嶄簨瀹炴爣鍑嗐?
閫氳繃DNS鍜宧osts鏂囦欢瑙ｆ瀽锛欴NS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ拰鏈湴hosts鏂囦欢涓瓨鏀剧殑鏁版嵁鏄敤浜庢爣鍑員CP/IP 鍗忚涓悕瀛楀拰IP涔嬮棿杞崲浣跨敤鐨勬柟寮忥紝浣嗕娇鐢ㄥ叾浠栨柟寮忔煡鎵句笉鍑哄搴旂殑鑺傜偣鍦板潃鏃讹紝Microsft Window s涓?甯镐篃鑳介?杩囨爣鍑嗙殑TCP/IP鍚嶅瓧瑙ｆ瀽鏂瑰紡锛岃繘琛屽悕瀛楀拰IP鐨勮浆鎹?鍚屾牱杩欎篃涓嶆槸NetBIOS鐨勬爣鍑嗭紝鑰屾槸Micorsoft 鐨勬墿灞曘?
銆??浠庤繖浜旂NetBIOS璇嗗埆鏂瑰紡锛屼互鍙婂叾涓殑涓嶅悓鐨勫悕瀛楁敞鍐屾柟寮忓嚭鍙戯紝杩涜涓嶅悓鐨勭粍鍚堟柟寮忥紝灏辨瀯鎴愪笉鍚岀殑鍚嶅瓧璇嗗埆绛栫暐銆傚湪NetBIOS鏍囧噯涓紝灏嗕娇鐢ㄤ笉鍚屽悕瀛楄瘑鍒瓥鐣ョ殑妯″紡绉颁负涓嶅悓鐨凬etBIOS鑺傜偣绫诲瀷銆?br />
銆??B-node锛氶?杩囧箍鎾柟寮忔潵杩涜娉ㄥ唽鍜岃繘琛岃瘑鍒玁etBIOS鍚嶅瓧銆傚浜嶪P鍗忚涓婄殑Net BIOS锛屽氨闇?鍩轰簬UDP杩涜骞挎挱锛屽湪灏忕綉缁滀笂杩欑鏂瑰紡宸ヤ綔寰楀緢濂斤紝浣嗗綋缃戠粶澧炲ぇ鏃讹紝灏变細琚娇鐢ㄨ矾鐢卞櫒灏嗗ぇ缃戠粶鍒嗗壊涓哄嚑涓皬缃戙?鍦ㄤ竴鑸儏鍐典笅璺敱鍣ㄤ笉杞彂骞挎挱鏁版嵁锛屽箍鎾寘浠呭彂閫佸埌鏈湴缃戠粶銆傝櫧鐒跺彲浠ラ厤缃矾鐢卞櫒杩涜b-node骞挎挱杞彂锛屼絾鏄繖灏嗕娇UDP骞挎挱浜х敓澶ч噺鐨勬棤鐢ㄧ綉缁滄暟鎹紝涓斿悕瀛楁敞鍐屽拰瑙ｆ瀽鐨勯毦搴︿篃澧炲姞浜嗐?鍥犳瀵逛簬杈冨ぇ鐨勭綉缁滐紝杩欑鏂瑰紡涓嶅彲鍙栥?
銆??P-node锛坧eer-to-peer锛夛細瀵圭瓑鏂瑰紡鑳戒负璇嗗埆鍚嶅瓧鎻愪緵闈炲父鏈夋晥鐨勬柟娉曪紝瀹冧娇鐢?NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ繘琛屽悕瀛楃殑娉ㄥ唽鐧昏鍜屽悕瀛楄瘑鍒?鍥犳瀵逛簬姣忎釜NetBIOS璁＄畻鏈猴紝蹇呴』鎸囧畾鍚屾牱鐨凬BNS 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑IP鍦板潃銆傝繖鏍峰湪NBNS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ仠鏈烘垨鏇存敼浜嗚缃紙濡侷P鍦板潃绛夋儏鍐碉級鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屽悕瀛楄В鏋愪笉鑳藉畬鎴愶紝灏变笉鑳借繘琛孨etBIOS閫氫俊銆傚綋鐒禢etBIOS璁＄畻鏈哄彲浠ラ厤缃负浣跨敤澶氫釜NBNS鏈嶅姟鍣紝浠ヤ究鍦ㄥ叾涓竴涓嚭鐜伴棶棰樻椂浣跨敤澶囦唤鐨勬湇鍔″櫒銆?br />
銆??M-node锛圡ixed锛夛細涓轰簡姝ｇ‘瑙ｆ瀽NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧锛屾渶濂界患鍚堜娇鐢ㄥ箍鎾拰鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鏂瑰紡锛岃繖鏍风殑鍚嶅瓧璇嗗埆鏄竴涓鍚堢殑杩囩▼銆侻-node棣栧厛閫氳繃B-node骞挎挱鏂瑰紡杩涜鍚嶅瓧璇嗗埆杩囩▼锛屽綋骞挎挱鏂瑰紡澶辫触涔嬪悗锛屽啀浣跨敤P-node鏂瑰紡杩涜鏌ヨ銆?br />
銆??H-Node锛圚ybrid锛夛細H-node妯″紡涔熸槸涓?澶嶅悎妯″紡锛屽畠涓嶮-node涓嶅悓鐨勫湴鏂规槸鏌ユ壘鐨勯『搴忎笉鍚屻?H-node鍏堟煡鎵綨BNS鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣紝鐒跺悗鍐嶄娇鐢ㄥ箍鎾柟寮忚繘琛屾煡璇?
銆??Windows涓疄闄呬娇鐢ㄧ殑鍚嶅瓧璇嗗埆鏂瑰紡鏄鏍囧噯H-node鏂瑰紡鐨勬墿灞曪紝Windows绯诲垪鐨勮绠楁満灏嗛鍏堟鏌ョ紦瀛樹腑鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鐒跺悗鍐嶆煡鐪媁INS鏈嶅姟鍣紝涔嬪悗杩涜骞挎挱锛岀劧鍚庡皢鏌ユ壘lmhosts鏂囦欢锛屼互鍙婇?杩噃osts鍜孌NS 杩涜鏌ユ壘銆傚疄闄呰繘琛孨etBIOS璇嗗埆鏄竴涓鏉傜殑杩囩▼锛屼富瑕佸氨鏄敱浜嶯etBIOS鏄竴涓姩鎬佺殑鍚嶅瓧瑙ｆ瀽鏂瑰紡锛屾瘡涓?彴璁＄畻鏈洪兘蹇呴』娉ㄥ唽鑷韩銆?br />
NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧璇嗗埆鐨勮繃绋?br />
銆??涓嶥NS涓嶅悓锛孨etBIOS鍚嶅瓧浣跨敤鍔ㄦ?鏂瑰紡杩涜绠＄悊銆侱NS鏁版嵁鏄潤鎬佺殑锛屽鍔犲拰鍒犻櫎DNS鍚嶅瓧闇?绠＄悊鍛樻墜宸ユ洿鏀归厤缃枃浠躲?浣哊etBIOS瑕佹眰璁＄畻鏈哄湪缃戠粶涓婅嚜鍔ㄦ敞鍐屽叾鍚嶅瓧锛岃绠楁満鍋滄満涔嬪悗鍗犵敤鐨勫悕瀛椾細琚噴鏀撅紝杩欎釜杩囩▼涓嶉渶瑕佺鐞嗗憳骞查銆傚洜涓哄畠闇?棰濆鐨勭綉缁滄暟鎹互瀹屾垚鍚嶅瓧鐧昏绛夎繃绋嬶紝浣垮緱瀹冧笉閫傚悎璞nternet杩欐牱鐨勫ぇ鍨嬬綉缁溿?NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧璇嗗埆闇?涓変釜姝ラ锛?br />
銆??鍚嶅瓧娉ㄥ唽锛氬湪NetBIOS鍚姩鏃讹紝璁＄畻鏈哄悜鏁翠釜缃戠粶澹版槑鍗犵敤浜嗕竴涓狽etBIOS鍚嶅瓧锛屽鏋滃凡缁忔湁鍏朵粬璁＄畻鏈哄崰鐢ㄤ簡杩欎釜鍚嶅瓧锛岃繖涓绠楁満灏变細鏀跺埌閿欒淇℃伅銆傛敞鍐屾槸閫氳繃鍚戠綉缁滃箍鎾０鏄庝俊鎭垨鍚慛etBIOS鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ櫥璁扮殑鏂瑰紡鏉ュ疄鐜扮殑銆?br />
銆??鍚嶅瓧瑙ｆ瀽锛氶?杩囧箍鎾垨鏌ヨNetBIOS鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ潵瑙ｆ瀽涓?釜NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧銆傛澶栬繕鍙互閫氳繃lmhosts 鏂囦欢鍜孌NS杈呭姪瑙ｆ瀽鍚嶅瓧銆?br />
銆??鍚嶅瓧鍒犻櫎锛氬湪绯荤粺鍏虫満鎴栨彁渚涚殑宸ヤ綔绔欐湇鍔＄粨鏉熸椂锛屼細鍒犻櫎鍏跺崰鐢ㄧ殑NetBIOS鍚嶃?
銆??閫氳繃NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧鍜屽叡浜殑鐩綍鍚嶏紝灏辫兘澶熷畾浣峎indows璁＄畻鏈轰笂鐨勮祫婧愩?Microsoft浣跨敤U NC鐨勫舰寮忔潵纭畾涓?釜缃戠粶璧勬簮鐨勪綅缃紝涓?釜UNC浠ュ弻鍙嶆枩绾垮紑濮嬶紝鎺ヤ笅鏉ユ槸鎻愪緵璧勬簮璁＄畻鏈虹殑NetBIOS鍚嶅瓧锛岀劧鍚庢槸璇ュ彴璁＄畻鏈轰笂鎻愪緵璧勬簮鐨勫叡浜悕锛屾帴涓嬫潵灏辨槸涓嬮潰鐨勭洰褰曞拰鏂囦欢鍚嶃?濡傦細\ntserversharefiles 锛屽洜姝や娇鐢ㄤ竴涓祫婧愮殑鍛戒护涓猴細
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銆??涓婇潰鐨刵et use鍛戒护灏唍tserver涓婄殑share璧勬簮鏄犲皠涓篎:鐩樸?
鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊
銆??鐢变簬b-node骞挎挱浼氬湪缃戠粶涓婁骇鐢熷ぇ閲忕殑淇℃伅娴侊紝灏ゅ叾鏄湪缃戠粶鏄敱澶氫釜瀛愮綉鏋勬垚鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鑰屼娇鐢ㄨ矾鐢卞櫒鏈潵灏辨槸瑕侀殧绂诲箍鎾俊鎭紝鍙槸涓轰簡杩涜鍚嶅瓧瑙ｆ瀽锛屽氨涓嶅緱涓嶈浆鍙慴-node骞挎挱淇℃伅鍖咃紝杩欏氨杈句笉鍒扮缉鍑忔棤鐢ㄧ綉缁滄祦閲忕殑鐩殑銆?br />
銆??浣跨敤鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ繘琛岃В鏋愬氨鑳介伩鍏嶈繖涓棶棰橈紝瀹㈡埛閫氳繃瀵瑰悕瀛楁湇鍔″櫒杩涜鏌ヨ鑰岄潪骞挎挱锛屼俊鎭祦灏变笉蹇呬紶鎾埌鍚勪釜瀛愮綉涓婏紝灏辫兘鍑忓皯骞挎挱鏁版嵁锛屽噺杞荤綉缁滅殑璐熸媴鑺傜渷甯﹀锛屽苟涓旇兘鏈夋晥鐨勬彁楂樺悕瀛楄В鏋愮殑閫熷害鍙婂噯纭?銆?br />
銆??瀹為檯瀛樺湪鐨刉indows缃戠粶鐢氳嚦寰堝皯鍒╃敤鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ繘琛屽悕瀛楄В鏋愶紝杩欏氨浣垮緱杩欎簺缃戠粶鍚嶅瓧瑙ｆ瀽瀛樺湪寰堝ぇ闂锛屽父甯镐細鍑虹幇涓嶅悓璁＄畻鏈虹殑缃戠粶閭诲眳鍒楄〃涓嶅悓锛屾牴鏈師鍥犲氨鏄箍鎾柟寮忔槸娌℃湁淇濊瘉鐨勶紝蹇呴』杞悜鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ柟寮忔墠鑳借В鍐冲悕瀛楄В鏋愰棶棰樸?
銆??鏅?NetBIOS璁＄畻鏈哄拰NBNS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ繘琛岄?淇℃湁鍥涗釜涓嶅悓鐨勯?淇¤繃绋嬶細
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